Frequently Asked Questions: Difference between revisions

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Have a question regarding the game? See if it has been answered here. Frequently asked questions areorganized by topic, but it may be helpful to search this page for for a keyword specific to your question.
<p>Browse this FAQ by topic, or feel free to search this page for for a keyword specific to your question!</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<h2>General</h2>
=== General ===
<p><em>What is EteRNA?</em></p>
''Is EteRNA licensed under free licenses?''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Check out [[EteRNA| this page]] to learn more!</p>
: EteRNA is free to play. All user content is submitted under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 License].
<p><em>What is RNA?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Check out [[RNA| this page]] to learn more!</p>
 
<p><em>Is EteRNA licensed under free licenses?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">EteRNA is free to play. All user content is submitted under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 License].</p>
''I don't have a strong science background. Will this game be over my head? Will I be any good?
<p><em>I don't have a strong science background. Will this game be over my head? Will I be any good?</em></p>
''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Don't worry! Practically no knowledge of biology or chemistry is required to solve [[puzzles]]. As you spend time playing EteRNA, you may find yourself learning quite a bit... and not even realizing it.</p>
: Don't worry! Practically no knowledge of biology or chemistry is required to solve puzzles. As you spend time playing EteRNA, you may find yourself learning quite a bit... and not even realizing it.
<p><em>Help! I'm stuck on a puzzle! I have no idea what I'm doing!</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Hang in there. The EteRNA community is very friendly and eager to help. If you're feeling lost, post a screenshot and ask your question in chat. When you post a screenshot, make sure you enable numbering of [[nucleotide]]s in your settings. It can make offering help much easier.</p>
 
<p><em>How do I take a screenshot?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Click the camera icon [[File:Camera.png]] on the upper right corner of the chat box. You will be given an option of posting a link to the screenshot in chat. If you simply want to save a picture of a solution, click the link to the picture to open the image in a new browser tab.</p>
''Help! I'm stuck on a puzzle! I have no idea what I'm doing!
<p><em>Why can't I view my old solutions?</em></p>
''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Old solutions have been known to disappear when players log on from different computers or if they delete their flash cookies. Certain browser settings and plugins may also be to blame. Occasionally, your saved solutions may be deleted for no apparent reason. This may indicate that the universe itself hates you. If you have a solution you want to save, take a screenshot.</p>
: Hang in there. The EteRNA community is very friendly and eager to help. If you're feeling lost, post a screenshot and ask your question in chat. When you post a screenshot, make sure you enable numbering of nucleotides in your settings. It can make offering help much easier.
<p><em>Why can't RNA folding just be solved with computers?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">RNA is a little more difficult than proteins when it comes to modeling for 3D. In proteins, there are basically only 2 torsion angles for backbone. For RNA, you need 7. (Nando)</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Even strictly speaking of the puzzles, the fastest folding programs are still not as smart as those who have been playing for a few weeks or months, when it comes to puzzles larger than a few dozen nucleotides. (Hoglahoo)</p>
''How do I take a screenshot?''
<p>&nbsp;</p>
: Click the camera icon on the upper right corner of the chat box. You will be given an option of posting a link to the screenshot in chat. If you simply want to save a picture of a solution, click the link to the picture to open the image in a new browser tab.
<h2>Puzzle Designer</h2>
 
<p><em>Why can't I make a puzzle longer than 400 nucleotides?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The game would take a lot longer to play, and it would likely be less enjoyable. You may notice a lag on larger puzzles. The cost of running an energy minimization increases with sequence length.</p>
''Why can't I view my old solutions?''
<p><em>Why can't I require more than 1/3 GU pairs?'</em></p>
: Old solutions have been known to disappear when players log on from different computers or if they delete their flash cookies. Certain browser settings and plugins may also be to blame. Occasionally, your saved solutions may be deleted for no apparent reason. This may indicate that the universe itself hates you. If you have a solution you want to save, take a screenshot.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">In the past, there was no limit on the GU restriction. The cap was imposed for a variety of reasons - among which are player enjoyment and relevance to naturally-occurring RNAs.</p>
 
<p><em>Can I save a design I'm working on and come back to it later?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Indirectly, yes. Copy the [[Dot-Bracket Notation|dot-bracket notation]] of your structure to a notepad file and save. If you have begun placing nucleotides, also save a screenshot. When you want to restart work on your design, input the dot-bracket notation of your design and recreate your original sequence from the screenshot.</span></p>
=== Puzzle Designer ===
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The puzzle designer has now an auto-save feature, so the answer is simply 'yes'.</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&nbsp;</p>
''Why can't I make a puzzle longer than 400 nucleotides?
<h2>Tools and Settings</h2>
''
<p><em>Are there hotkeys in EteRNA?</em></p>
: The game would take a lot longer to play, and it would likely be less enjoyable. You may notice a lag on larger puzzles. The cost of running an energy minimization increases with sequence length.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Yes. You can find a list [[Hotkeys|here]].</p>
 
<p><em>How do I access settings?</em>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Click the gear icon [[File:Gear_icon.png]] at the bottom of your screen.</p>
''Why can't I require more than 1/3 GU pairs?''
<p><em>What can I do to speed up the game on my computer?</em></p>
: In the past, there was no limit on the GU restriction. The cap was imposed for a variety of reasons - among which are player enjoyment and relevance to naturally-occurring RNAs.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Enabling low performance mode can reduce the demand placed on your computer by the game's graphics. Some amount of lag is unavoidable when solving large puzzles on slower machines.</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&nbsp;</p>
 
<h2>Energy</h2>
 
<p><em>What is free energy and why is it negative</em>?</p>
''Can I save a design I'm working on and come back to it later?
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">Main Article: [[Free Energy]]</p>
''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">In EteRNA, free energy can be thought of as the energy released into the surroundings when a completely unfolded RNA molecule folds into its shape. A negative sign indicates that energy goes from the RNA into the surroundings when the RNA folds.</p>
: Indirectly, yes. Copy the dot-bracket notation of your structure to a notepad file and save. If you have begun placing nucleotides, also save a screenshot. When you want to restart work on your design, input the dot-bracket notation of your design and recreate your original sequence from the screenshot.
<p><em>Do I need to make free energy as low as possible?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">No. When you solve a puzzle, you design a [[sequence]]. A sequence can fold into a large number of shapes, each of which have different [[Free Energy|free energies]]. The goal of puzzle-solving is to create a sequence whose [[Minimum Free Energy Structure|minimum free energy structure]] is equivalent to the [[target structure]].</p>
 
<p><em>How is energy calculated in EteRNA?</em></p>
=== Tools and Settings ===
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The game is running on the [[energy model]] ViennaRNA 1.8.5. which calculate the energy.</p>
''Are there hotkeys in EteRNA?''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&nbsp;</p>
: Yes. You can find a list here.
<h2>Puzzles</h2>
 
<p><em>Why do base pairs pair?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Read an explanation<span> </span>[https://getsatisfaction.com/eternagame/topics/eterna_faq_by_players_for_players#reply_8895604 here]</p>
''How do I access settings?''
<p><em>Why does [[Guanine]] stabili</em>ze loops?</p>
: Click the gear icon at the bottom of your screen.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span>Read more about it&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;</strong><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[https://getsatisfaction.com/eternagame/topics/eterna_faq_by_players_for_players#reply_8914943 here].</span></strong></span></p>
 
<p><span><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><em><span id="docs-internal-guid-e431cf65-db5b-a913-1125-8070e7bf374c">Are the puzzles based on real-life RNA?</span></em></span></strong></span></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span><strong style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-e431cf65-db5c-9d92-d8a6-56368de0de23">99% of challenge puzzles, 0.01% of player puzzles (RedSpah)</span><em><span><br /></span></em></span></strong></span></p>
''What can I do to speed up the game on my computer?''
<p><em><span id="docs-internal-guid-e431cf65-c938-2936-aa10-1f9d4cb4e875">Why are some puzzles called possible unsolvables?</span></em></p>
: Enabling low performance mode can reduce the demand placed on your computer by the game's graphics. Some amount of lag is unavoidable when solving large puzzles on slower machines.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-e431cf65-c938-97fc-ecb8-ec2832d528c8"><span>Rumor has it that the developer puzzle authors were not sure whether they could be solved in eterna's energy model and some, indeed, are not. (Hoglahoo)</span></span></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&nbsp;</p>
 
<h2>Lab Submissions</h2>
=== Energy ===
<p><em>Does very low or very high free energy ensure a successful design?</em></p>
''What is free energy and why is it negative?''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">No. In nature, RNA does not always adopt its [[Minimum Free Energy Structure|minimum free energy structure]]. Furthermore, the tools used to predict the minimum free energy structure are imperfect.</p>
:: Main Article: [[Free Energy]]
<p><em>What is the optimal free energy?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">No specific value of [[Free Energy|free energy]] is ideal. Most successful [[lab]] designs do ''not'' attempt achieve the maximum or minimum value of free energy possible for a given [[RNA Structure|secondary structure]].</p>
: In EteRNA, free energy can be thought of as the energy released into the surroundings when a completely unfolded RNA molecule folds into its shape. A negative sign indicates that energy goes from the RNA into thesurroundings when the RNA folds.
<p><em>Why shouldn't I use [[Christmas Tree|all GC pairs]] in a lab design?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">GC-rich sequences are [[difficult to synthesize]] and prone to being caught in [[folding traps]]. Furthermore, the use of only one type of base pair increases the likelihood of undesired pairing.</p>
 
<p><em>Why shouldn't I use all AU or GU pairs in a lab design?</em></p>
''Do I need to make free energy as low as possible?''
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">AU and GU pairs are weaker than GC pairs. Alone, they are unlikely to hold an RNA molecule in a specific structure. Furthermore, the use of only one type of base pair increases the likelihood of undesired pairing.</p>
: No. When you solve a puzzle, you design a [[sequence]]. A sequence can fold into a large number of shapes, each of which have different free energies. The goal of puzzle-solving is to create a sequence whose minimum [[free energy structure]] is equivalent to the [[target structure]].
<p><em>What is the optimal balance of AU, GU, and GC-pairs?</em>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">In general, designs with ~60% GC pairs tend to balance [[stability]] and ease of [[synthesis]]. This rule is not absolute, however. The frequency of GC pairs in some winning lab designs has exceded 70%.</p>
''How is energy calculated in EteRNA?''
<p><em>How are my lab points calculated and what do they mean?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Read an explanation of the lab points <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YIe8fdYE3MZPkyBRcpOjaRWmrVtKbNwlbuHiHodcJzw/edit#heading=h.z9z02jx6gl8k">here</a>. &nbsp;</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&nbsp;</p>
=== Lab Submissions ===
<h2>Dotplots and Melt Plots</h2>
Does very low or very high free energy ensure a successful design?
<p><em>What is a "[[melting plot]]" and what does it mean to "melt" RNA?</em></p>
No. In nature, RNA does not always adopt its minimum free energy structure. Furthermore, the tools used to predict the minimum free energy structure are imperfect.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">As temperature increases, [[hydrogen bond]]s (and thus, [[Base Pair|base pairs]]) are broken. In EteRNA, the [[melting temperature]] can be thought of as the temperature at which there would be enough energy to pull the structure apart from its folded structure to a linear form. The process of increasing temperature to break base pairs and create a completely unpaired strand of RNA is called "melting". In EteRNA, the melt plot shows the percentage of unpaired bases as a function of temperature.</p>
 
<p><em>How can I view the [[melting plot]] or [[Dot Plot|dot plot]]?</em></p>
What is the optimal free energy?
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Click the eye icon [[File:Eye_icon.png]] at the bottom of the screen while designing a [[lab submission]].</p>
No specific value of free energy is ideal. Most successful lab designs do not attempt achieve the maximum or minimum value of free energy possible for a given secondary structure.
<p><em>What does a dotplot show?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">A dotplot shows the probability of any two bases forming a [[Base Pair|base pair]].</p>
Why shouldn't I use all GC pairs in a lab design?
<p><em>How do I read a [[Dot Plot|dotplot]]?</em></p>
GC-rich sequences are difficult to synthesize and prone to being caught in folding traps. Furthermore, the use of only one type of base pair increases the likelihood of undesired pairing.
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The x and y axes of a dotplot represent individual nucleotides in the RNA molecule. Points within the dotplot represent interactions between bases. The point 4, 20 and the point 20, 4 both refer to the interaction between bases 4 and 20. A dotplot is divided diagonally into two triangles. The bottom left triangle shows only the base pairs present in the [[Minimum Free Energy Structure|minimum free energy structure]]. The top right triangle shows the predicted probability of base pairs forming in nature. The darker the square in the top right triangle, the greater the probability of that base pair forming.</p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&nbsp;</p>
Why shouldn't I use all AU or GU pairs in a lab design?
<h2>SHAPE Data</h2>
AU and GU pairs are weaker than GC pairs. Alone, they are unlikely to hold an RNA molecule in a specific structure. Furthermore, the use of only one type of base pair increases the likelihood of undesired pairing.
<p><em>Why can a basepair in [[SHAPE]] data have both a blue and a yellow base, when blue means paired and yellow means unpaired?</em></p>
 
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span>Read Omei's&nbsp;</span>[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OuL9yeN6JN6yXbjgvhebbRNu8Mv7vsM9WhaifWsrHz4/edit explanation] of why bases apear unpaired while their partner base appears paired.&nbsp;</p>
What is the optimal balance of AU, GU, and GC-pairs?
<p>&nbsp;</p>
In general, designs with ~60% GC pairs tend to balance stability and ease of synthesis. This rule is notabsolute, however. The frequency of GC pairs in some winning lab designs has exceded 70%.Dotplots and Melt PlotsEdit
<p>&nbsp;</p>
What is a "melting plot" and does it mean to "melt" RNA?
<h2>See also<em>&nbsp;</em></h2>
As temperature increases, base pairs are broken. In EteRNA, the melting temperature can be thought of as the temperature at which there would be enough energy to pull the structure apart from its folded structure to a linear form. The process of increasing temperature to break base pairs and create a completely unpaired strand of RNA is called "melting". In EteRNA, the melt plot shows the percentage of unpaired bases as a function of temperature.
<ul>
 
<li>Earlier developer generated FAQ - [https://getsatisfaction.com/people/eternafaq EternaFAQ's profile]</li>
How can I view the melting plot or dot plot?
<li>Earlier player generated FAQ - [https://docs.google.com/document/d/15FlQEjs6E_xJgInwOWvkmYtBmDDn4-3j0NUF8SRHfsA/edit# Eterna FAQ - For players by players]</li>
Click the eye icon at the bottom of the screen while designing a lab submission.
<li>Collection of answers and help from chat&nbsp;- [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Oxy1VgrnFPx--ZwZEmWe8SJqGNH8moRJo4N3XHio3N4/edit# Questions and answers from chat]</li>
 
</ul>
What does a dotplot show?
<p><em><br /></em></p>
A dotplot shows the probability of any two bases forming a base pair.
 
How do I read a dotplot?
The x and y axes of a dotplot represent individual nucleotides in the RNA molecule. Points within the dotplot represent interactions between bases. The point 4, 20 and the point 20, 4 both refer to the interaction between bases 4 and 20. A dotplot is divided diagonally into two triangles. The bottom left triangle shows only the base pairs present in the minimum free energy structure. The top right triangle shows the predicted probability of base pairs forming in nature. The darker the square in the top right triangle, the greater the probability of that base pair forming.

Revision as of 03:08, 27 November 2014

Browse this FAQ by topic, or feel free to search this page for for a keyword specific to your question!

 

General

What is EteRNA?

Check out this page to learn more!

What is RNA?

Check out this page to learn more!

Is EteRNA licensed under free licenses?

EteRNA is free to play. All user content is submitted under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial ShareAlike 3.0 License.

I don't have a strong science background. Will this game be over my head? Will I be any good?

Don't worry! Practically no knowledge of biology or chemistry is required to solve puzzles. As you spend time playing EteRNA, you may find yourself learning quite a bit... and not even realizing it.

Help! I'm stuck on a puzzle! I have no idea what I'm doing!

Hang in there. The EteRNA community is very friendly and eager to help. If you're feeling lost, post a screenshot and ask your question in chat. When you post a screenshot, make sure you enable numbering of nucleotides in your settings. It can make offering help much easier.

How do I take a screenshot?

Click the camera icon Camera.png on the upper right corner of the chat box. You will be given an option of posting a link to the screenshot in chat. If you simply want to save a picture of a solution, click the link to the picture to open the image in a new browser tab.

Why can't I view my old solutions?

Old solutions have been known to disappear when players log on from different computers or if they delete their flash cookies. Certain browser settings and plugins may also be to blame. Occasionally, your saved solutions may be deleted for no apparent reason. This may indicate that the universe itself hates you. If you have a solution you want to save, take a screenshot.

Why can't RNA folding just be solved with computers?

RNA is a little more difficult than proteins when it comes to modeling for 3D. In proteins, there are basically only 2 torsion angles for backbone. For RNA, you need 7. (Nando)

Even strictly speaking of the puzzles, the fastest folding programs are still not as smart as those who have been playing for a few weeks or months, when it comes to puzzles larger than a few dozen nucleotides. (Hoglahoo)

 

Puzzle Designer

Why can't I make a puzzle longer than 400 nucleotides?

The game would take a lot longer to play, and it would likely be less enjoyable. You may notice a lag on larger puzzles. The cost of running an energy minimization increases with sequence length.

Why can't I require more than 1/3 GU pairs?'

In the past, there was no limit on the GU restriction. The cap was imposed for a variety of reasons - among which are player enjoyment and relevance to naturally-occurring RNAs.

Can I save a design I'm working on and come back to it later?

Indirectly, yes. Copy the dot-bracket notation of your structure to a notepad file and save. If you have begun placing nucleotides, also save a screenshot. When you want to restart work on your design, input the dot-bracket notation of your design and recreate your original sequence from the screenshot.

The puzzle designer has now an auto-save feature, so the answer is simply 'yes'.

 

Tools and Settings

Are there hotkeys in EteRNA?

Yes. You can find a list here.

How do I access settings? 

Click the gear icon Gear icon.png at the bottom of your screen.

What can I do to speed up the game on my computer?

Enabling low performance mode can reduce the demand placed on your computer by the game's graphics. Some amount of lag is unavoidable when solving large puzzles on slower machines.

 

Energy

What is free energy and why is it negative?

Main Article: Free Energy

In EteRNA, free energy can be thought of as the energy released into the surroundings when a completely unfolded RNA molecule folds into its shape. A negative sign indicates that energy goes from the RNA into the surroundings when the RNA folds.

Do I need to make free energy as low as possible?

No. When you solve a puzzle, you design a sequence. A sequence can fold into a large number of shapes, each of which have different free energies. The goal of puzzle-solving is to create a sequence whose minimum free energy structure is equivalent to the target structure.

How is energy calculated in EteRNA?

The game is running on the energy model ViennaRNA 1.8.5. which calculate the energy.

 

Puzzles

Why do base pairs pair?

Read an explanation here

Why does Guanine stabilize loops?

Read more about it  here.

Are the puzzles based on real-life RNA?

99% of challenge puzzles, 0.01% of player puzzles (RedSpah)

Why are some puzzles called possible unsolvables?

Rumor has it that the developer puzzle authors were not sure whether they could be solved in eterna's energy model and some, indeed, are not. (Hoglahoo)

 

Lab Submissions

Does very low or very high free energy ensure a successful design?

No. In nature, RNA does not always adopt its minimum free energy structure. Furthermore, the tools used to predict the minimum free energy structure are imperfect.

What is the optimal free energy?

No specific value of free energy is ideal. Most successful lab designs do not attempt achieve the maximum or minimum value of free energy possible for a given secondary structure.

Why shouldn't I use all GC pairs in a lab design?

GC-rich sequences are difficult to synthesize and prone to being caught in folding traps. Furthermore, the use of only one type of base pair increases the likelihood of undesired pairing.

Why shouldn't I use all AU or GU pairs in a lab design?

AU and GU pairs are weaker than GC pairs. Alone, they are unlikely to hold an RNA molecule in a specific structure. Furthermore, the use of only one type of base pair increases the likelihood of undesired pairing.

What is the optimal balance of AU, GU, and GC-pairs? 

In general, designs with ~60% GC pairs tend to balance stability and ease of synthesis. This rule is not absolute, however. The frequency of GC pairs in some winning lab designs has exceded 70%.

How are my lab points calculated and what do they mean?

Read an explanation of the lab points <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YIe8fdYE3MZPkyBRcpOjaRWmrVtKbNwlbuHiHodcJzw/edit#heading=h.z9z02jx6gl8k">here</a>.  

 

Dotplots and Melt Plots

What is a "melting plot" and what does it mean to "melt" RNA?

As temperature increases, hydrogen bonds (and thus, base pairs) are broken. In EteRNA, the melting temperature can be thought of as the temperature at which there would be enough energy to pull the structure apart from its folded structure to a linear form. The process of increasing temperature to break base pairs and create a completely unpaired strand of RNA is called "melting". In EteRNA, the melt plot shows the percentage of unpaired bases as a function of temperature.

How can I view the melting plot or dot plot?

Click the eye icon Eye icon.png at the bottom of the screen while designing a lab submission.

What does a dotplot show?

A dotplot shows the probability of any two bases forming a base pair.

How do I read a dotplot?

The x and y axes of a dotplot represent individual nucleotides in the RNA molecule. Points within the dotplot represent interactions between bases. The point 4, 20 and the point 20, 4 both refer to the interaction between bases 4 and 20. A dotplot is divided diagonally into two triangles. The bottom left triangle shows only the base pairs present in the minimum free energy structure. The top right triangle shows the predicted probability of base pairs forming in nature. The darker the square in the top right triangle, the greater the probability of that base pair forming.

 

SHAPE Data

Why can a basepair in SHAPE data have both a blue and a yellow base, when blue means paired and yellow means unpaired?

Read Omei's explanation of why bases apear unpaired while their partner base appears paired. 

 

 

See also