Base: Difference between revisions

From Eterna Wiki

No edit summary
m (Activating term)
(11 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
== Bases ==
<p>[[File:Bases_in_rna.jpg|300px|right]]Nucleobases, or simply <strong>bases</strong> are components of [[nucleotide]]s, which in turn are the building blocks of [[RNA]] and [[DNA]]. The four bases commonly encountered in RNA are [[adenine]], [[guanine]], [[cytosine]], and [[uracil]]. Bases are sometimes called nitrogenous bases to emphasize the presence of [[nitrogen]] in this part of the RNA molecule. A base differs from a [[nucleotide]] in its lack of [[ribose]] and [[phosphate]], and the compound consisting of a base and a [[ribose]] is called a [[nucleoside]].</p>
Bases are components of [[nucleotides]], which in turn are the building blocks of [[RNA]] and [[DNA]]. The four bases commonly enountered in RNA are [[adenine]], [[guanine]],[[cytosine]], and [[uracil]]. Bases are sometimes callednitrogenous bases to emphasize the presence of nitrogen in this part of the RNA molecule.
<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<h2>Base Pairing</h2>
A base differs from a [[nucleotide]] in its lack of [[ribose]] and [[phosphate]].
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Main Article</em> : [[Base Pair]]ing</p>
 
<p>Bases interact with one another by [[hydrogen bond]]ing and [[stacking]]. These interactions help stabilize folded RNA structures. In EteRNA, three types of base pairs are encountered: [[AU Pair]]s, [[GC Pair]]s, and [[GU Pair]]s.</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
=== Base Pairing ===
<h2>Structure</h2>
:: ''Main Article'' : [[Base Pairing]]
<p>Bases are flat, with the large top and bottom surfaces interacting only weakly with water. [[Purine]]&nbsp;bases have a a two-ring structure, while [[pyrimidine]]&nbsp;bases have a smaller single-ring structure.</p>
 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
Bases interact with one another by [[hydrogen bonding]] and [[stacking]]. These interactions help stabilize folded RNA structures. In EteRNA, three types of base pairs are encountered: [[AU pairs]], [[GC pairs]], and [[GU pairs]].
<h2>Abbreviations</h2>
 
<table border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
 
<tbody>
=== Structure ===
<tr>
Bases are flat, with the large top and bottom surfaces interacting only weakly with water. [[Purine bases]] have a a two-ring structure, while [[pyrimidine bases]] have a smaller single-ring structure.
<td>Abbreviation</td>
 
<td>Base</td>
 
<td>Colour in [[EteRNA]]</td>
=== Abbreviations ===
</tr>
{| class="wikitable"
<tr>
|-
<td style="text-align: center;">A</td>
! Abbreviation !! Base
<td>[[Adenine]]</td>
|-
<td>Yellow</td>
| A || [[Adenine]]
</tr>
|-
<tr>
| G || [[Guanine]]
<td style="text-align: center;">G</td>
|-
<td>[[Guanine]]</td>
| C || [[Cytosine]]
<td>Red</td>
|-
</tr>
| U || [[Uracil]]
<tr>
|-
<td style="text-align: center;">C</td>
| R || Adenine or Guanine ([[Purine]] Bases)
<td>[[Cytosine]]</td>
|-
<td>Green</td>
| Y || Cytosine or Uracil ([[Pyrimidine]] Bases)
</tr>
|-
<tr>
| M || Adenine or Cytosine (Amino Bases)
<td style="text-align: center;">U</td>
|-
<td>[[Uracil]]</td>
| K || Uracil or Guanine (Keto Bases)
<td>Blue</td>
|-
</tr>
| N || Any base
<tr>
|}
<td style="text-align: center;">T</td>
 
<td>[[Thymine]]</td>
 
<td>&nbsp;</td>
=== Base Tautomerism ===
</tr>
Bases can exist in different structural isomers known as tautomers. In each case, one tautomer is heavily favored over others. The ability to shift between tautomeric forms is important in the formation of certain [[noncanonical base pairs]] and contributes mutation during replication of RNA and DNA.
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">I</td>
<td>[[Inosine]]</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">R</td>
<td>Adenine or Guanine ([[Purine]] Bases)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">Y</td>
<td>Cytosine or Uracil ([[Pyrimidine]] Bases)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">M</td>
<td>Adenine or Cytosine (Amino Bases)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">K</td>
<td>Uracil or Guanine (Keto Bases)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;">N</td>
<td>Any base</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>=== Read more ===</p>
<ul>
<li>[[IUPAC notation]]</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Base Tautomerism</h2>
<p>Bases can exist in different structural [[isomer]]s known as tautomers. In each case, one tautomer is heavily favored over others. The ability to shift between tautomeric forms is important in the formation of certain [[noncanonical base pair]]s and contributes [[mutation]] during replication of RNA and DNA.</p>

Revision as of 17:52, 19 April 2014

Bases in rna.jpg

Nucleobases, or simply bases are components of nucleotides, which in turn are the building blocks of RNA and DNA. The four bases commonly encountered in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Bases are sometimes called nitrogenous bases to emphasize the presence of nitrogen in this part of the RNA molecule. A base differs from a nucleotide in its lack of ribose and phosphate, and the compound consisting of a base and a ribose is called a nucleoside.

 

Base Pairing

Main Article : Base Pairing

Bases interact with one another by hydrogen bonding and stacking. These interactions help stabilize folded RNA structures. In EteRNA, three types of base pairs are encountered: AU Pairs, GC Pairs, and GU Pairs.

 

Structure

Bases are flat, with the large top and bottom surfaces interacting only weakly with water. Purine bases have a a two-ring structure, while pyrimidine bases have a smaller single-ring structure.

 

Abbreviations

<tbody> </tbody>
Abbreviation Base Colour in EteRNA
A Adenine Yellow
G Guanine Red
C Cytosine Green
U Uracil Blue
T Thymine  
I Inosine  
R Adenine or Guanine (Purine Bases)  
Y Cytosine or Uracil (Pyrimidine Bases)  
M Adenine or Cytosine (Amino Bases)  
K Uracil or Guanine (Keto Bases)  
N Any base  

 

=== Read more ===

 

Base Tautomerism

Bases can exist in different structural isomers known as tautomers. In each case, one tautomer is heavily favored over others. The ability to shift between tautomeric forms is important in the formation of certain noncanonical base pairs and contributes mutation during replication of RNA and DNA.

Retrieved from "http://wiki.eternagame.org/w/index.php?title=Base&oldid=4168"