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<p>[[File:Bases_in_rna.jpg| | <p>[[File:Bases_in_rna.jpg|300px|right]]Nucleobases, or simply <strong>bases</strong> are components of [[nucleotide]]s, which in turn are the building blocks of [[RNA]] and [[DNA]]. The four bases commonly encountered in RNA are [[adenine]], [[guanine]], [[cytosine]], and [[uracil]]. Bases are sometimes called nitrogenous bases to emphasize the presence of [[nitrogen]] in this part of the RNA molecule. A base differs from a [[nucleotide]] in its lack of [[ribose]] and [[phosphate]], and the compound consisting of a base and a [[ribose]] is called a [[nucleoside]].</p> | ||
<p> </p> | |||
<h2>Base Pairing</h2> | <h2>Base Pairing</h2> | ||
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Main Article</em> : [[Base | <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em>Main Article</em> : [[Base Pair]]ing</p> | ||
<p>Bases interact with one another by [[hydrogen | <p>Bases interact with one another by [[hydrogen bond]]ing and [[stacking]]. These interactions help stabilize folded RNA structures. In EteRNA, three types of base pairs are encountered: [[AU Pair]]s, [[GC Pair]]s, and [[GU Pair]]s.</p> | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
<h2>Structure</h2> | <h2>Structure</h2> | ||
<p>Bases are flat, with the large top and bottom surfaces interacting only weakly with water. [[Purine | <p>Bases are flat, with the large top and bottom surfaces interacting only weakly with water. [[Purine]] bases have a a two-ring structure, while [[pyrimidine]] bases have a smaller single-ring structure.</p> | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
<h2>Abbreviations</h2> | <h2>Abbreviations</h2> | ||
Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
<td>Abbreviation</td> | <td>Abbreviation</td> | ||
<td>Base</td> | <td>Base</td> | ||
<td>Colour in [[EteRNA]]</td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">A</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">A</td> | ||
<td>[[Adenine]]</td> | <td>[[Adenine]]</td> | ||
<td>Yellow</td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">G</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">G</td> | ||
<td>[[Guanine]]</td> | <td>[[Guanine]]</td> | ||
<td>Red</td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">C</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">C</td> | ||
<td>[[Cytosine]]</td> | <td>[[Cytosine]]</td> | ||
<td>Green</td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">U</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">U</td> | ||
<td>[[Uracil]]</td> | <td>[[Uracil]]</td> | ||
<td>Blue</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td style="text-align: center;">T</td> | |||
<td>[[Thymine]]</td> | |||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td style="text-align: center;">I</td> | |||
<td>[[Inosine]]</td> | |||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">R</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">R</td> | ||
<td>Adenine or Guanine ([[Purine]] Bases)</td> | <td>Adenine or Guanine ([[Purine]] Bases)</td> | ||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">Y</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">Y</td> | ||
<td>Cytosine or Uracil ([[Pyrimidine]] Bases)</td> | <td>Cytosine or Uracil ([[Pyrimidine]] Bases)</td> | ||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">M</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">M</td> | ||
<td>Adenine or Cytosine (Amino Bases)</td> | <td>Adenine or Cytosine (Amino Bases)</td> | ||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">K</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">K</td> | ||
<td>Uracil or Guanine (Keto Bases)</td> | <td>Uracil or Guanine (Keto Bases)</td> | ||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td style="text-align: center;">N</td> | <td style="text-align: center;">N</td> | ||
<td>Any base</td> | <td>Any base</td> | ||
<td> </td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</tbody> | </tbody> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
<p> </p> | |||
<p>=== Read more ===</p> | |||
<ul> | |||
<li>[[IUPAC notation]]</li> | |||
</ul> | |||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
<h2>Base Tautomerism</h2> | <h2>Base Tautomerism</h2> | ||
<p>Bases can exist in different structural | <p>Bases can exist in different structural [[isomer]]s known as tautomers. In each case, one tautomer is heavily favored over others. The ability to shift between tautomeric forms is important in the formation of certain [[noncanonical base pair]]s and contributes [[mutation]] during replication of RNA and DNA.</p> |
Revision as of 17:52, 19 April 2014
Nucleobases, or simply bases are components of nucleotides, which in turn are the building blocks of RNA and DNA. The four bases commonly encountered in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Bases are sometimes called nitrogenous bases to emphasize the presence of nitrogen in this part of the RNA molecule. A base differs from a nucleotide in its lack of ribose and phosphate, and the compound consisting of a base and a ribose is called a nucleoside.
Base Pairing
Main Article : Base Pairing
Bases interact with one another by hydrogen bonding and stacking. These interactions help stabilize folded RNA structures. In EteRNA, three types of base pairs are encountered: AU Pairs, GC Pairs, and GU Pairs.
Structure
Bases are flat, with the large top and bottom surfaces interacting only weakly with water. Purine bases have a a two-ring structure, while pyrimidine bases have a smaller single-ring structure.
Abbreviations
<tbody> </tbody>Abbreviation | Base | Colour in EteRNA |
A | Adenine | Yellow |
G | Guanine | Red |
C | Cytosine | Green |
U | Uracil | Blue |
T | Thymine | |
I | Inosine | |
R | Adenine or Guanine (Purine Bases) | |
Y | Cytosine or Uracil (Pyrimidine Bases) | |
M | Adenine or Cytosine (Amino Bases) | |
K | Uracil or Guanine (Keto Bases) | |
N | Any base |
=== Read more ===
Base Tautomerism
Bases can exist in different structural isomers known as tautomers. In each case, one tautomer is heavily favored over others. The ability to shift between tautomeric forms is important in the formation of certain noncanonical base pairs and contributes mutation during replication of RNA and DNA.